Руководство по miktex

MiKTeX 1.20e Manual
Copyright © 1996--1999 Christian Schenk

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MiKTeX Manual, revision 1.20e

This help file documents MiKTeX 1.20e.

• Introduction: What is MiKTeX?
• 1.20e: What’s new in the latest release?
• Installing: Installing MiKTeX.
• Configuring: Configuring MiKTeX.
• TeX: Non-standard TeX features.
• TeXifying: The MiKTeX Compiler Driver.
• Manual Pages: Manual pages for various programs.
• Index: Index.

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What is MiKTeX?

• Features: Basic Features and Components.
• Getting: How to get MiKTeX.
• Project Page: The MiKTeX Project Page.
• Mailing Lists: The MiKTeX mailing lists.
• Documentation: MiKTeX related documentation.

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MiKTeX Features

MiKTeX is a free TeX distribution for Windows. Its main features
are:

• Native Windows implementation with support for long file names.
• On-the-fly generation of missing fonts.
• TDS (TeX directory structure) compliant.
• Open Source.
• Advanced TeX compiler features:
  • TeX can insert source file information (aka source specials)
    into the DVI file. This feature can improve Editor/Previewer
    interaction.
  • TeX can read compressed input files.
  • The input encoding can be changed via TCX tables.
• Previewer features:
  • Supports graphics (PostScript, BMP, WMF, …)
  • Supports colored text (through color specials)
  • Supports PostScript fonts
  • Supports TrueType fonts
  • Understands HyperTeX (html:) specials
  • Understands source (src:) specials
  • Customizable magnifying glasses
• MiKTeX is network friendly:
  • integrates well into a heterogeneous TeX environment
  • supports UNC file names
  • supports multiple TEXMF directory trees
  • uses a file name database for efficient file access
  • Setup Wizard can be run unattended

The MiKTeX distribution consists of the following applications:

• TeX 3.14159:
  The classic TeX compiler.

• e-TeX 2.1:
  A feature-extended version of TeX.

• Yap 0.97:
  The MiKTeX DVI previewer.

• pdfTeX 0.14d:
  Creates PDF files from TeX documents.

• dvipdfm 0.12.6e:
  Converts DVI files into PDF documents.

• Omega 1.8:
  An enhanced version of TeX with support for 16-bit character sets.

• METAFONT 2.718:
  Converts font specifications into raster fonts.

• MetaPost 0.641:
  Converts picture specifications into PostScript commands.
• dvips 5.86:
  Converts DVI files into PostScript.

• MakeIndex 2.12:
  Composes indexes.

• BibTeX 0.99c:
  Composes bibliographies.

• Standard LaTeX Packages:
  AMS-LaTeX, Babel, PSNFSS, …

• TeXinfo, PSutils, …:
  Lots of utilities.

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How to get MiKTeX

MiKTeX Distribution

The MiKTeX distribution is archived in the CTAN¹ directory

systems/win32/miktex/.

You can use one of the following URLs to download MiKTeX:

ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/systems/win32/miktex/
ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/systems/win32/miktex/
ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/systems/win32/miktex/

Other Packages

Here is a list of other packages you should take into consideration:

Aladdin Ghostscript (http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/aladdin/index.html)

Ghostscript is an interpreter for the PostScript language. The DVI
previewer Yap uses Ghostscript to display EPS graphics.

Adobe Acrobat Reader (http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/acrobat/readstep.html)

A PDF viewer.

WinEdt (http://www.winedt.com)

WinEdt is a shareware TeX editor/shell. It cooperates with MiKTeX
with respect to forward and inverse DVI search (see Source Specials).

ActivePerl (http://www.activestate.com)

ActivePerl is an implementation of Perl for the Windows platform. A few
MiKTeX utilities (e.g. psmerge) are Perl scripts. You should
install Perl if you want to use these utilities.

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The MiKTeX Project Page

You can visit the MiKTeX Project Page for information about new releases, patches and so on.

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The MiKTeX Mailing List

MiKTeX Mailing List

There is a discussion list for MiKTeX. To join this list, send an
e-mail to <miktex-request@dsts.dk> which contains the word
subscribe as the first line in the message body.

This list is archived at www.egroups.com.

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Documentation

The MiKTeX Manual (which you are reading right now)
concentrates on documenting MiKTeX specific features.

Other MiKTeX related documentation includes:

Frequently Asked Questions

Lists answers to frequently asked questions.

Tips & Tricks

Lists useful tips.

Shortcuts to these documents can be found in the Start Menu
(see Start Menu).

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What’s new in MiKTeX 1.20e?

Updated Packages

• Dvipdfm 0.12.6e; now includes the utility dvipdft (imbed
  thumbnail images).
• Texinfo 4.0
• LaTeX <1999/06/01>, Babel v3.6z, Hyperref v6.67e
• AMS-LaTeX v2
• pdfTeX 0.14d
• FreeType 1.3 utilities: getafm, ttf2pfb, ttf2pk, ttf2tfm

New Features

• TeX: the TeX compiler accepts fully qualified file names with spaces,
  i.e. it’s now possible to say something like: latex "C:My ThesisThesis.tex".
• TeX: new option --interaction=mode: sets TeX’s
  interaction mode (one of: batchmode, nonstopmode,
  scrollmode, errorstopmode).
• TeX: new option --quiet: suppresses output unless there are
  errors (implies --c-style-errors).
• Yap: two new toolbar buttons to control color interpolation of text.
• Yap: emTeX line specials are now supported.
• TeXify: new option --run-viewer: invokes a viewer on the
  resulting .pdf/.dvi file. This option (and some Registry
  wizardry) makes it possible to associate .tex files with a
  viewer, i.e. double-clicking a .tex file opens the resulting
  .pdf/.dvi file.
• TeXify: new option --viewer-option=option: can be used
  to pass option to the viewer.
• TeXify: new option --mkidx-option=option: can be used to
  pass option to the index generator. Useful if one wants to specify
  MakeIndex style files.
• TeXify: new option --tex-option=option: can be used to
  pass option to the (La)TeX compiler.
• METAFONT: new option --screen: enables METAFONT’s online display
  (thanks to Wolfgang Kleinschmit who supplied the patches).

Anti Features

• TtH has been removed from the MiKTeX distribution due to license
  problems (TtH is not free software).

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Installing MiKTeX

• Setup Wizard: Running the Setup Wizard.
• Start Menu: Start Menu items created by the Setup Wizard.
• Directory Tree: Directories created by the Setup Wizard.
• UnInstall: How to remove MiKTeX.

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Running the Setup Wizard

1. If you still have MiKTeX 1.11 installed on you computer, then you
   should use the uninstall option of MiKTeX 1.11.

2. Make sure that you have enough disk space. A complete MiKTeX
   installation consumes approximately 40MB of disk space.

3. It is highly recommended that you login as Administrator, if you’re installing
   MiKTeX on a Windows NT computer.

4. Choose a location for the installation directory, say c:texmf.
   This directory receives the files of the MiKTeX distribution.

5. You can cause MiKTeX to deposit newly created files (fonts, memory
   dumps, filename databases) in a separate directory tree. This directory
   tree is called the Local TEXMF Tree. If you decide to create
   such a tree, then you must choose a name for its root directory, say
   c:localtexmf.

   Benefits that a local tree provides include the following:

   • Fast file search: MiKTeX assumes that only the local tree can receive
     new fonts and the like, i.e. MiKTeX can trust in the file name
     database when the remaining (non-local) trees are searched for a file.

   • You can use the local tree for your own additions (macros, fonts).
   • Easier updates: You don’t have to worry about future MiKTeX updates,
     since the local tree will not be overwritten by the setup program.

   • You can install the MiKTeX distribution on a read-only media.
6. Decide whether you want to incorporate a preexisting TEXMF tree. For
   example, if you have a TeXLive CD in CDROM drive e:, then it
   is possible to include e:texmf in the MiKTeX search path.

7. Start the MiKTeX Setup Wizard (setupwiz.exe). You will
   presented with the welcome page:

   

8. Click Next> to go to the next page. Enter the name of the
   installation directory which you have chosen in step 4:

   

9. Click Next> to go to the next page. Choose the components that
   want to install:

   

10. Click Next> to go to the next page. Enter the name of the local
    TEXMF directory which you have chosen in step 5 or check the button
    No local TEXMF tree, if you don’t need a local tree:

    

11. Click Next> to go to the next page. You are now asked about the
    list of additional TEXMF root directories. Enter a semicolon-separated
    list of preexisting TEXMF root directories. Check the button No
preexisting TEXMF directory trees, if you just want to use the TEXMF
    tree that comes with MiKTeX:

    

12. Click Next> to go to the next page, where you can review the
    setup options:

    
13. Click Next> to start the installation process. The selected
    components will be copied to the installation folder chosen in step 4.
    Eventually you will see the finish page:

    

14. Click Finish to exit the Setup Wizard.

The Setup Wizard does not change the environmental variable PATH,
i.e. you may have to add something like

set PATH=%PATH%;c:texmfmiktexbin

to your autoexec.bat.

• Setup Options: Setup Options.

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Setup Options

Some setup options can be specified on the command-line and/or in a separate
text file named setupwiz.opt.

You can invoke the MiKTeX Setup Wizard with the following
command-line options:

--additional-directory-trees DIRS

Specify additional TEXMF directories.

--allow-unattended-reboot

Allow a reboot in unattended mode.

--dry-run

Simulate the installation process. No files will be installed. The log
file will be written to the temporary directory.

--installation-directory DIR

Specify the installation directory.

--help

Show available options and exit.

--no-additional-directory-trees

Prevent MiKTeX from using additional directory trees.

--no-local-directory

Prevent MiKTeX from using a local directory.

--program-folder FOLDER

Specify the MiKTeX program folder.

--unattended

Run Setup Wizard in unattended mode. No user input is required.

Command-line options can also be specified in a text file named
setupwiz.opt. This file must be in the same directory as
setupwiz.exe.

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Items in the Start menu

The Setup Wizard creates the following Start Menu items:

Shortcuts to documentation files

MiKTeX | Help | Frequently Asked Questions

Opens a Windows Help file which contains answers to frequently asked
questions.

MiKTeX | Help | LaTeX2e Reference

Opens a Windows Help file which contains descriptions for many LaTeX
commands.

MiKTeX | Help | Local Guide

Opens a Windows Help file which contains the MiKTeX Manual.

MiKTeX | Help | Release Notes

Last-minute notes.

MiKTeX | Help | Tips and Tricks

Opens a Windows Help file which contains a list of useful tips.

Shortcuts to the configuration utility (initexmf.exe)

MiKTeX | Maintenance | Create All Format Files

Creates all format files, i.e. runs initexmf --dump.

MiKTeX | Maintenance | Create LaTeX Format File

Creates the LaTeX format, i.e. runs initexmf --dump=latex.

MiKTeX | Maintenance | Reconfigure

Creates all format files and refreshes the file name database.

MiKTeX | Maintenance | Refresh File Name Database

Refreshes the file name database.

Shortcuts to GUI-based MiKTeX applications

MiKTeX | Yap

A shortcut to the DVI viewer.

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The TEXMF Directory Hierarchy

The setup program creates a TDS-compliant directory structure. This
structure is normally distributed over two physical directory trees:

1. The installation directory (usually c:texmf) contains all
   files from the MiKTeX distribution.

2. The local directory (usually c:localtexmf) receives all
   files that are created on-the-fly.

These directories need not to be on the same drive.

It’s possible to change the locations of these directories anytime.
See TEXMF Trees, for
more information.

• Installation Directory: Installation Directory
• Local Directory: Local Directory

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Installation Directory

The installation directory (usually c:texmf) is the root of a
TDS-compliant directory hierarchy. If you have installed the complete
distribution, then the installation directory contains the following
sub-directories:

bibtex, dvips, makeindex, …

These directories contain application related input files.

doc

This directory contains all user documentation.

fonts

This directory contains fonts in various formats.

miktex

The miktex directory is reserved for MiKTeX related files:

miktexbin

Contains all executable files.

miktexconfig

Contains the global configuration file miktex.ini and the
MiKTeX font mapping file miktex.map. The MiKTeX Setup
Wizard installs its own log file here.

miktexbase

Contains the METAFONT string pool file mf.pool.

miktexfmt

Contains TeX string pool files: etex.pool, pdftex.pool,
omega.pool, tex.pool.

miktexmem

Contains the MetaPost string pool file mp.pool.

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Local Directory

The local directory (usually c:localtexmf) receives files that
are generated on-the-fly. For example, if the TeX compiler needs a
TeX Font Metric (TFM) file that is not available yet, then it creates
that file (if possible) and installs it in an appropriate sub-directory
of the local directory.

Typically, the Local Directory contains the following sub-directories:

fonts

Contains font files that are not part of the MiKTeX distribution, but
that were created on-the-fly.

miktexconfig

This directory contains the file name database files.

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Removing MiKTeX

There is no uninstall option (yet), thus you have to do it by hand if
you decide to remove MiKTeX:

1. Remove the main TEXMF folder (usually c:texmf) including sub
   folders.

2. Remove the local TEXMF folder (usually c:localtexmf) including
   sub folders.

3. Remove Registry entries:
   1. Start regedit
   2. Open the key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWARE and delete the
      MiK subkey.

   3. Open the key HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftware and delete the MiK
      subkey.
4. Remove the MiKTeX item from the Windows start menu.
5. Remove the bin directory from the PATH.

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Configuring MiKTeX

• IniTeXMF: The MiKTeX Configuration Utility.
• Configuration File: The MiKTeX configuration file.
• config.ps: The Dvips configuration file.

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The MiKTeX Configuration Utility

initexmf.exe is the MiKTeX configuration utility.
You can use it to

• redefine the list of TEXMF root directories
• refresh the file name database
• update standard dump files (plain.fmt and friends)
• define the name and location of a personal configuration file

• TEXMF Trees: Defining TEXMF Root Directories
• fndb: Maintaining the file name database
• psres: Maintaining the PostScript resource database
• Standard Dump Files: Making Standard Dump Files
• Personal Configuration File: Personal Configuration File

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Defining TEXMF Root Directories

The standard setup procedure creates two TEXMF root directories:

• c:texmf: the installation directory (see Installation Directory).
• c:localtexmf: the local directory (see Local Directory).

You can redefine the TEXMF root directories by using the command-line switches
--root-directories and --local-root:

--root-directories=dirlist

This switch defines the list of TEXMF root directories. dirlist is
a semicolon-separated list of directory path names.

--local-root=dir

This switch defines the local directory.

It is necessary to refresh the file name database whenever you redefine
the TEXMF root directories (see Maintaining the File Name Database).

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Maintaining the file name database

To speed up file search, MiKTeX makes use of a list of known file
names. This list is called the file name database (FNDB). The FNDB is
spread over several files, one for each TEXMF root directory.

The FNDB file for the first TEXMF tree is called texmf0.fndb.
For the second tree it is called texmf1.fndb. And so on.

It is strongly recommended that you update the FNDB whenever files
are added to or removed from one of the TEXMF trees.

You update all fndb files by invoking initexmf with the
command line switch --update-fndb:

c:> initexmf --update-fndb

You can update a certain FNDB file by specifying the TEXMF root.
For example,

c:> initexmf --update-fndb=c:texmf

will update the FNDB file for the tree rooted at c:texmf.

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Maintaining the PostScript resource database

The PostScript resource database (PSres) is used by some utilities in
order to locate PostScript resources (font outlines/metrics/encodings).

The database is located in the MiKTeX config directory (usually
c:texmfmiktexconfig). The name of the database file is
dpres.dpr. It is a text file, i.e. you can view it with a
conventional text editor.

It is strongly recommended that you update the database whenever
PostScript resources (*.pfb;*.afm;*.enc) are added to or removed
from one of the TEXMF trees.

You update the database files by invoking initexmf with
the command line switch --mkpsres:

c:> initexmf --mkpsres

• mkpsres: Incorporating External Font Directories

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Incorporating External Font Directories

It is possible to add non-MiKTeX font directories to the PostScript
resource database. The --mkpsres switch accepts as an optional
argument the name of an external font directory. You can use several
--mkpsres switches with one invocation of initexmf.

By specifying the command line flag --search, you can cause
initexmf to automatically search your workstation for third party
PostScript resource files (e.g. Acrobat Reader fonts):

c:> initexmf --mkpsres --search

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Making Standard Dump Files

Some programs initialize itself by reading parts of the memory from an
external file. For the TeX family of programs, such a file is called
a Dump File.

The MiKTeX configuration file has built-in rules for standard dump
files.

Non-standard dump files (i.e. dump files not mentioned in this section)
must be created with the ini-version of the program. For example, you
would say initex texinfo @dump to produce a Texinfo dump file
(texinfo.fmt).

You create standard dump files by invoking initexmf with the command
line switch --dump. This switch takes an optional argument,
which is the name of the program for which a new dump file is to be
created:

c:> initexmf --dump[=program]

If program is ommited, then all standard dump files will be rebuilt.
Otherwise, program must be one of the following names:

elatex

This creates the dump file latex.efmt which is used by
elatex.exe.

etex

This creates the dump file plain.efmt which is used by
etex.exe.

lambda

This creates the dump file lambda.fmt which is used by
lambda.exe.

latex

This creates the dump file latex.fmt which is used by
latex.exe.

tex

This creates the dump file plain.fmt which is used by
tex.exe.

metafont

This creates the dump file plain.base which is used by
mf.exe (METAFONT).

metapost

This creates the dump file plain.mem which is used by
mpost.exe (MetaPost).

omega

This creates the dump file omega.fmt which is used by
omega.exe.

pdflatex

This creates the dump file pdflatex.fmt which is used by
pdflatex.exe.

pdftex

This creates the dump file pdftex.fmt which is used by
pdftex.exe.

• language.dat: Controlling which hyphenation patterns are loaded

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Controlling which hyphenation patterns are used by LaTeX

You can control the loading of hyphenation patterns by modifying the
file language.dat (say initexmf --find-tex language.dat to
find out the absolute path).

As distributed with MiKTeX, language.dat has the following
contents:

% File    : language.dat
% Purpose : specify which hyphenation patterns to load
%           while running iniTeX
english ushyphen.tex
%ukenglish ukhyphen.tex
german ghyph31.tex
%italian ithyph.tex
%dutch nehyph2.tex
%finnish fihyph.tex
%norwegian nohyph.tex
%french f8hyph.tex

Lines starting with % are comments. The only uncommented lines
in the example are english ushyphen.tex and german
ghyph31.tex. That is, only hyphenation patterns for U.S. English and
German will be loaded by TeX. To load other hyphenation patterns,
you have to uncomment the corresponding lines.

After modifying language.dat, you have to create new LaTeX
dump files (see Standard Dump Files).

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Personal Configuration File

You can cause MiKTeX to read a personal configuration file (in
addition to the global one) by using the command line switch
--personal. Usage is:

initexmf --personal[=filename]

If specified, filename must be the name of an existing
configuration file. If filename is omitted, then MiKTeX will
not use a personal configuration file.

Values read from filename will override those values that were
read from the global configuration file.

For example, consider the case that you have some private LaTeX style
files in your home directory (say c:usersme). You could write
a private configuration file (say miktex.ini) and place it in
your home directory. The configuration file should look like this:

[LaTeX]
Input Dirs=.;c:usersme//;%Rtexlatex//;%Rtexgeneric//

Then you had to announce the configuration file this way:

c: initexmf --personal=c:usersmemiktex.ini

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The MiKTeX Configuration File

This section discusses the usage of MiKTeX Configuration File.

• Two Kinds: The Two Kinds of Configuation Files
• Search Paths: How to specify search paths
• Layout: Contents of a MiKTeX Configuration File

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The Two Kinds of Configuation Files

MiKTeX configuration parameters are stored in two configuration files:

• The global configuration file contains site-wide configuration
  settings (i.e. settings shared by all MiKTeX users). The name of
  this file is miktex.ini. It is located in the directory
  miktexconfig relative to the installation root directory
  (usually c:texmf).

• The optional personal configuration file contains per-user
  configuration settings. The location of the personal configuration file
  can be defined with the help of initexmf (see Personal Configuration File).

Personal configuration settings override global settings.

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How to specify search paths

Search paths are used by MiKTeX to find special files (such as TeX
input files) within a comprehensive directory hierarchy.

A search path is a semicolon-separated list of directory paths. This
list is traversed from left to right, i.e. the first directory is
searched first.

In a directory path, the following character sequences have a special
meaning:

%R

A placeholder for the list of TEXMF root directories.

//

A flag, which causes MiKTeX to search recursively.

Example

Assuming that c:texmf;\myservertexmf is the list of TEXMF root
directories, the search path .;%Rtexlatex//;%Rtexgeneric//
causes LaTeX to search its input files in the following locations:

1. In the current directory (.).
2. In the directory c:texmftexlatex and in all directories below
   it.

3. In the directory \myservertexmftexlatex and in all
   directories below it.

4. In the directory c:texmftexgeneric and in all directories
   below it

5. In the directory \myservertexmftexgeneric and in all
   directories below it.

Testing a new search path

You can use the configuration utility initexmf to test whether
an input file can be found via the current search path.
For example, the command

c:> initexmf --find-latex-input a4.sty

searches for the LaTeX input file a4.sty. The full path name
is printed if the file was found.

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Contents of a MiKTeX Configuration File

A MiKTeX configuration file is divided into several named sections.
Each section contains configuration settings for a specific application
or feature.

• BibTeX Section: BibTeX related settings
• Dvips Section: dvips related settings
• Graphics Section: Graphics Conversion Rules
• Magic Section: Memory Settings
• MakeIndex Section: MakeIndex Configuration Settings
• MakePK Section: MakePK Configuration Settings
• MakeTFM Section: MakeTFM Configuration Settings
• METAFONT Section: METAFONT related settings
• MetaPost Section: MetaPost related settings
• MiKTeX Section: General Configuration Settings
• Omega Section: Omega related configuration settings
• otp2ocp Section: otp2ocp Configuration Settings
• pdfTeX Section: pdfTeX related configuration settings
• ps2pk Section: ps2pk related settings
• TeX Section: TeX Related Configuration Settings
• Yap Section: Yap Configuratuin Settings

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[BibTeX]: BibTeX Configuration Settings

The section [BibTeX] contains BibTeX related configuration
settings.

Input Dirs

Search path for BibTeX input files (both databases and style files).

min_crossrefs

Minimum number of cross-refs required for automatic cite_list
inclusion.

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[Dvips]: Dvips Configuration Settings

The section [Dvips] contains Dvips related configuration
settings.

CONFIGPath

Where Dvips searches its configuration files (e.g. config.ps).

ENCPath

Where Dvips searches for .enc files.

GraphicsPath

Where Dvips searches for .eps files.

MAPPath

Where Dvips searches for .map files.

PSPath

Where Dvips searches for PS header files.

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[Graphics]: Graphics Conversion Rules

The section [Graphics] contains graphics conversion rules. Each
rule has the syntax

.fromext.toext=commandline

fromext is the file name extension of the source file.
toext is the file name extension of the destination file.
commandline is the command-line which does the conversion. The
command-line may include the following placeholders:

%i

The name of the input file.

%o

The name of the output file.

The standard MiKTeX configuration file contains the following rules:

.gif.bmp=giftopnm %i | ppmtobmp -windows > %o
.pcx.bmp=pcxtoppm %i | ppmtobmp -windows > %o
.png.bmp=pngtopnm %i | ppmtobmp -windows > %o
.tga.bmp=tgatoppm %i | ppmtobmp -windows > %o
.tif.bmp=tifftopnm %i | ppmtobmp -windows > %o
.tiff.bmp=tifftopnm %i | ppmtobmp -windows > %o

---

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[Magic]: Memory Settings for TeX & Friends

The section [Magic] contains memory related configuration settings.
The values are used by TeX, pdfTeX and Omega for the dynamic
allocation of certain data structures.

Format-Independent Values

The following parameters can be changed at run time to extend or reduce
TeX’s capacity. They may have different values in INITEX and
in production versions of TeX.

mem_min

Smallest index in TeX’s internal mem array; must be 0 or more;
must be equal to mem_bot in INITEX, otherwise <=mem_bot.

mem_max

Greatest index in TeX’s internal mem array; must be strictly
less than 1073741823.

buf_size

Maximum number of characters simultaneously present in current lines of
open files and in control sequences between csname and
endcsname; must not exceed 1073741823.

error_line

Width of context lines on terminal error messages.

half_error_line

Width of first lines of contexts in terminal error messages; should be
between 30 and (error_line — 15).

max_print_line

Width of longest text lines output; should be at least 60.

stack_size

Maximum number of simultaneous input sources.

max_in_open

Maximum number of input files and error insertions that can be going on
simultaneously.

font_max

Maximum internal font number; must not exceed 5000.

font_mem_size

Number of words of font_info for all fonts.

param_size

Maximum number of simultaneous macro parameters.

nest_size

Maximum number of semantic levels simultaneously active.

max_strings

Maximum number of strings; must not exceed 1073741823.

string_vacancies

The minimum number of characters that should be available for the user’s
control sequences and font names, after TeX’s own error messages are
stored.

pool_size

Maximum number of characters in strings, including all error messages
and help texts, and the names of all fonts and control sequences; must
exceed string_vacancies by the total length of TeX’s own
strings, which is currently about 23000.

save_size

Space for saving values outside of current group; must be at most
1073741823.

trie_size

Space for hyphenation patterns; should be larger for INITEX than
it is in production versions of TeX.

trie_op_size

Space for «opcodes» in the hyphenation patterns.

Format-Dependent Values

Like the preceding parameters, the following quantities can be changed
at run time to extend or reduce TeX’s capacity. But if they are
changed, it is necessary to rerun the initialization program
INITEX to generate new tables for the production TeX program.
One can’t simply make helter-skelter changes to the following constants,
since certain rather complex initialization numbers are computed from
them.

mem_bot

Smallest index in the mem array dumped by INITEX; must not be
less than mem_min.

mem_top

Largest index in the mem array dumped by INITEX; must be
substantially larger than 0 and not greater than mem_max.

---

Node:MakeIndex Section,
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[MakeIndex]: MakeIndex Configuration Settings

The section [MakeIndex] contains MakeIndex related configuration
settings.

INDEXSTYLE

Search path for MakeIndex style files.

---

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[MakePK]: MakePK Configuration Settings

The section [MakePK] contains configuration settings that are
related to the auto-creation of packed raster fonts.

DestDir

The specification of a directory where newly created PK (Packed Raster
Font) files are to be installed.

The specifiation may include special character sequences which will be
replaced at search-time:

%m

The current METAFONT mode.

%d

The horizontal resolution (in dots per inch).

%s

The font supplier (e.g. public).

%t

The typeface name (e.g. cm).

Admin note: All MiKTeX users must have permission to create
files in the specified directory.

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[MakeTFM]: MakeTFM Configuration Settings

DestDir

Where new .tfm files are to be installed.

The specifiation may contain special character sequences which are
replaced at search-time:

%s

The font supplier (e.g. public).

%t

The typeface name (e.g. cm).

Admin note: MiKTeX users must have permission to add files
to the specified directory.

---

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[METAFONT]: METAFONT Configuration Settings

The section [METAFONT] contains METAFONT related configuration
settings.

Input Dirs

Search path for METAFONT input files.

---

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[MetaPost]: MetaPost Related Configuration Settings

The section [MetaPost] contains MetaPost related configuration
settings.

Input Dirs

Where MetaPost searches for input files.

---

Node:MiKTeX Section,
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[MiKTeX]: General Configuration Settings

The section [MiKTeX] contains general configuration settings
and search path specifications.

General Configuration Settings

Trace

This is a comma separated list of trace options:

notrace

Inhibits trace output to the console.

fndb

Traces the file name database.

filesearch

Traces the find-file machinery.

access

Traces file accesses.

process

Traces secondary processes.

tcx

Traces TCX tables.

error

Traces error conditions.

time

Traces execution time.

TraceFile

The name of the trace file.

Search Path Specifications

AFMPath

Used to locate Adobe font metric files (*.afm).

BASEPath

Used to locate METAFONT base files (*.base).

ENCPath

Used to locate *.enc files.

EXEPath

Used to locate executables.

FMTPath

Used to locate TeX dump files (.fmt). Also used to
locate e-TeX dump files (.efmt).

GraphicsPath

Used to locate graphics files (*.eps;*.bmp;...).

MAPPath

Used to locate font map files (*.map).

MEMPath

Used to locate MetaPost memory files (.mem).

OFMPath

Used to locate Omega font metric files (*.ofm).

OVFPath

Used to locate Omega virtual fonts (*.ovf).

PKPath

Used to locate packed font raster files (*.pk).

PSPath

Used to locate PostScript header files (*.enc;*.map);

TCXPath

Used to locate character translation files (.tcx).

TFMPath

Used to locate TeX font metric files (*.tfm).

TTFPath

Used to locate TrueType fonts (*.ttc;*.ttf).

Type1Path

Used to locate Type1 fonts (*.pfa;*.pfb).

VFPath

Used to locate virtual fonts (*.vf).

---

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[Omega]: Omega Configuration Settings

The section [Omega] contains Omega related configuration settings:

Input Dirs

The search path for Omega input files.

OCPPath

Where Omega searches for OCP files.

---

Node:otp2ocp Section,
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[otp2ocp]: otp2ocp Configuration Settings

Input Dirs

Used by otp2ocp to locate OTP files (.otp).

---

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[pdfTeX]: pdfTeX Configuration Settings

The section [pdfTeX] contains pdfTeX related configuration settings.

Input Dirs

Where pdfTeX searches for input files.

PSPath

Where pdfTeX searches for font mapping files.

---

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[ps2pk]: ps2pk Configuration Settings

The section [ps2pk] contains configuration settings for the
ps2pk utility:

PSResPath

Where ps2pk searches for PS resource files.

---

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[TeX]: TeX Configuration Settings

The section [TeX] contains TeX-related configuration settings.

Editor

The command to be started when you press e in the error menu.

You can use the following placeholders:

%f

Will be replaced by the name of the input file that caused the error.

%h

Will be replaced by a help text.

%l

Will be replaced by the line number.

%m

Will be replaced by the error message.

%vindex %t

%t

Will be replaced by the name of the transcript file.

For example, a suitable value for WinEdt would be winedt %f
-G(1,%l,0) -S(12,+1,0).

For NT Emacs, set Editor to gnulientw -F +%l %f.

Input Dirs

Used by TeX to locate input files.

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[Yap]: Yap Configuration Settings

Input Dirs

Used by Yap to locate DVI files (*.dvi).

---

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The Dvips Configuration File

As distributed with MiKTeX, Dvips is configured as follows:

• When generating fonts, Dvips uses METAFONT mode ljfour (HP
  Laserjet 4).

• Horizontal resolution is 600 dpi.
• Paper size is A4.
• Dvips does not make use of the CM & AMS PostScript fonts.

You probably have to change some of theses settings for your site. To
do so, open the Dvips configuration file config.ps with your
favourite text editor.

The line starting with M specifies the METAFONT mode which Dvips
uses for the generation of new raster fonts. Enter a suitable mode
here. If you don’t know the mode for your output device, then take a
look at metafontmiscmodes.mf. This file contains an annotated
list of METAFONT modes.

The line starting with D specifies the resolution.
Enter a value that matches your printer.

See the
!(dvips manual!)![!ExecProgram(«yap.exe ../dvips/dvips.dvi», 0)!],
for more information about configuring Dvips.

---

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Non-standard TeX Features

This chapter describes features, that were added to the MiKTeX
implementation of Donald Knuth’s TeX.

• Suppressing Screen Output: Supressing screen output.
• Source Specials: Auto-insertion of source specials.
• Quoted File Names: Quoted File Names
• TCX files: Character translations.

---

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Suppressing Screen Output

The command-line option --quiet suppresses all diagnostic
messages. You will see no screen output, unless there are errors.
These are shown in a «C style form» and do not stop the compilation
process. For example, the input file

foo.tex:
documentclass{article}
begin{document}
What's This?
end{documnt}

would cause TeX to print one error message, as in

c:> latex --quiet foo.tex
foo.tex:3: Undefined control sequence
c:>

---

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Auto-insertion of Source Specials

What are source specials?

Source specials are pieces of information embedded in a DVI file, which
make a connection between the source file location (e.g. line 100 in
foo.tex) and the DVI location (e.g. page 2 in foo.dvi).
Source specials can improve the Edit-TeX-View-Edit cycle:

1. You edit your source file.
2. You compile the source file to get a DVI file.
3. You execute a special editor command to open Yap, going directly to the
   DVI page that corresponds to the cursor location in your source file.

4. You navigate inside the DVI file (e.g. PgUp/PgDn).
5. You double-click somewhere on the DVI view; this causes Yap to bring the
   editor window to the front, moving the text cursor directly to the line
   that corresponds to the view location.

How to insert source specials

The TeX compiler option --src inserts source specials into the DVI
file. You would say

c:> latex --src foo.tex

to create the DVI file foo.dvi with embedded source specials.

---

Node:Quoted File Names,
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Quoted File Names

The TeX handles quoted file names. This makes it possible to specify
long file names that contain spaces.

For example, to compile the input file long file name.tex,
you start TeX as follows:

c:> latex "long file name"

This produces the DVI file long file name.dvi. The log file is
named long file name.log.

You can, to some extent, use quoted file names inside the TeX
document. For example,

input{"extra long file name"}

would cause TeX to read the file extra long file name.tex.

Things get a little bit complicated if you want to use the LaTeX
primitive include. You have to write

include{"extraspace longspace filespace name"}

in order to get the expected result.

---

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TCX files: Character translations

[ This section is «borrowed» from the Web2C manual ].

TCX (TeX character translation) files help TeX support direct
input of 8-bit international characters if fonts containing those
characters are being used. Specifically, they map an input (keyboard)
character code to the internal TeX character code (a superset of
ASCII).

Of the various proposals for handling more than one input encoding, TCX
files were chosen because they follow Knuth’s original ideas for the use
of the xchr and xord tables. He ventured that these would
be changed in the WEB source in order to adjust the actual version to a
given environment. It turned out, however, that recompiling the WEB
sources is not as simple task as Knuth predicted; therefore, TCX files,
providing the possibility of changing of the conversion tables on
on-the-fly, has been implemented instead.

This approach limits the portability of TeX documents, as some
implementations do not support it (or use a different method for
input-internal reencoding). It may also be problematic to determine the
encoding to use for a TeX document of unknown provenance; in the
worst case, failure to do so correctly may result in subtle errors in
the typeset output.

While TCX files can be used with any format, using them breaks the
LaTeX inputenc package. This is why you should either use
tcxfile or inputenc in LaTeX files, but never both.

Specifying TCX files:

• You can specify a TCX file to be used for a particular TeX run by
  specifying the command-line option
  -translate-file=tcxfile or (preferably) specifying it
  explicitly in the first line of the main document %&
-translate-file=tcxfile.
• TCX files are searched for along the TCXPath path.
• INITEX ignores TCX files.

The MiKTeX distribution comes with at least two TCX files,
il1-t1.tcx and il2-t1.tcx. These support ISO Latin 1 and
ISO Latin 2, respectively, with Cork-encoded fonts (a.k.a. the T1
encoding). TCX files for Czech, Polish, and Slovak are also provided.

Syntax of TCX files:

1. Line-oriented. Blank lines are ignored.
2. Whitespace is ignored except as a separator.
3. Comments start with % and continue to the end of the line.
4. Otherwise, a line consists of one or two character codes:

   src [dest]
   

5. Each character code may be specified in octal with a leading 0,
   hexadecimal with a leading 0x, or decimal otherwise. Values must
   be between 0 and 255, inclusive (decimal).

6. If the dest code is not specified, it is taken to be the same as
   src.

7. If the same src code is specified more than once, it is the last
   definition that counts.

Finally, here’s what happens: when TeX sees an input character with
code src, it 1) changes src to dest; and 2) makes code
the dest «printable», i.e., printed as-is in diagnostics and the
log file instead of in ^^ notation.

By default, no characters are translated, and character codes between 32
and 126 inclusive (decimal) are printable. It is not possible to make
these (or any) characters unprintable.

Specifying translations for the printable ASCII characters (codes
32-127) will yield unpredictable results. Additionally you shouldn’t
make the following characters printable: ^^I (TAB), ^^J
(line feed), ^^M (carriage return), and ^^? (delete),
since TeX uses them in various ways.

Thus, the idea is to specify the input (keyboard) character code for
src, and the output (font) character code for dest.

---

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TeXify: The MiKTeX Compiler Driver

texify is a command-line utility that simplifies the production
of DVI (PDF) documents: texify automatically runs LaTeX
(pdfLaTeX), MakeIndex and BibTeX as many times as necessary to
produce a DVI (PDF) file with sorted indices and all cross-references
resolved.

To run texify on an input file foo.tex, do this:

c:> texify foo.tex

As shown in this example, the input file names to texify must
include any extension (.tex, .ltx, etc.).

There are several command-line optione you can use to control texify
(see texify). Here are some examples:

texify --clean foo.tex

All auxiliary files will be removed, i.e. only the output foo.dvi
file will be left in the current directory.

texify --tex-opt=--src foo.tex

Passes the option --src to the TeX compiler.

texify --run-viewer foo.tex

Opens the output file foo.dvi (unless there are compile erros).

texify --tex-opt=--src --viewer-opt="-1 -s"200 foo.tex"" --run-viewer foo.tex

Compiles foo.tex with source file information (--src) and
then initiates forward DVI search to open foo.dvi at the source
special location 200 foo.tex. The viewer option -1
activates the current viewer task (if there is already one running).

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Manual Pages

• Common Compiler Options: Common Compiler Options.
• bibtex: bibtex.
• bibtex8: bibtex8 (8-bit enhanced BibTeX).
• dvicopy: dvicopy.
• dvipdfm: dvipdfm.
• dvips: dvips.
• initexmf: initexmf (MiKTeX Configuration Utility).
• mp: mp (MetaPost)
• omega: omega.
• pdftex: pdftex.
• tex: tex.
• texify: texify (MiKTeX Compiler Driver).

---

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Common Compiler Options

The following command-line switches are commonly supported by all TeX
compilers.

--buf-size=n

Set the internal buf_size to n. buf_size is the
maximum number of characters simultaneously present in current lines of
open files and in control sequences between csname and
endcsname; must not exceed 1073741823.

--c-style-errors

Show C/C++ style error messages. This switch implies
scrollmode.

--error-line=n

Set the internal error_line to n. error_line us the
width of context lines on terminal error messages.

--half-error-line=n

Set the internal half_error_line to n.
half_error_line is the width of first lines of contexts in
terminal error messages; should be between 30 and (error_line —
15).

--halt-on-error

Quit after the first error.

--initialize

Initialize internal tables; these tables can be dumped to a dump
file.

--interaction=mode

Set TeX’s interaction mode (one of: batchmode, nonstopmode,
scrollmode, errorstopmode).

--job-name=name

Specify the name of the job. This also sets the name of all output files.

--job-time=filename

Set the time of all output files to the time of filename.

--help

Show a help screen and exit.

--max-in-open=n

Set the internal max_in_open to n. max_in_open is
the maximum number of input files and error insertions that can be going
on simultaneously.

--max-print-line=n

Set the internal max-print-line to n.
max-print-line is the width of longest text lines output; should
be at least 60.

--max-strings=n

Set the internal max_strings to n. max_strings is
the maximum number of strings; must not exceed 1073741823.

--mem-bot=n

Set the internal mem_bot to n. mem_bot is the
smallest index in the code array dumped by INITEX
(INIOMEGA, INIPDFTEX); must not be less than
mem_min.

--mem-max=n

Set the internal mem_max to n. mem_max is the
greatest index in the internal mem array; must be strictly less
than 1073741823.

--mem-min=n

Set the internal mem_min to n. mem_min is the
smallest index in the internal mem array; must be 0 or more; must
be equal to mem_bot in INITEX (INIOMEGA,
INIPDFTEX), otherwise <= mem_bot.

--mem-top=n

Set the internal mem_top to n. mem_top is the
largest index in the mem array dumped by INITEX
(INIOMEGA, INIPDFTEX); must be substantially larger than 0
and not greater than mem_max.

--nest-size=n

Set the internal nest_size to n. nest_size is the
maximum number of semantic levels simultaneously active.

--param-size=n

Set the internal param_size to n. param_size is the
maximum number of simultaneous macro parameters.

--pool-size=n

Set the internal pool-size to n. pool_size is the
maximum number of characters in strings, including all error messages
and help texts, and the names of all fonts and control sequences; must
exceed string_vacancies by the total length of the program’s own
strings, which is currently about 30000.

--quiet

Suppress all output (except errors).

--save-size=n

Set the internal save_size to n. save_size is the
amount of space for saving values outside of current group; must be at
most 1073741823.

--silent

Same as --quiet.

--src-specials

Insert source file information into the DVI file.

--stack-size=n

Set the internal stack_size to n. stack_size is the
maximum number of simultaneous input sources.

--string-vacancies=n

Set the internal string_vacancies to n.
string_vacancies is the minimum number of characters that should
be available for the user’s control sequences and font names, after the
program’s own error messages are stored.

--tcx=name

--translate-file=name

Causes TeX to process the TCX table name.

--terminal=oem

Causes TeX to use the current DOS codepage (e.g. cp850) for console output.

--trace=traceflags

Set trace flags.

--trie-size=n

Set the internal trie_size to n. trie_size is the
amount of space for hyphenation patterns; should be larger for
INITEX (INIOMEGA, INIPDFTEX) than it is in
production versions of the program.

--trie-op-size=n

Set the internal trie_op_size to n. trie_op_size is
the amount of space for «opcodes» in the hyphenation patterns.

--try-gz

Try file.tex.gz if file.tex cannot be found.

--undump=name

Causes TeX to read the dump file name.

--version

Print version information and exit.

---

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bibtex

BibTeX is a preprocessor for the LaTeX document-preparation
system. It handles most of the formatting decisions required to produce
a reference list, outputting a .bbl file; with this file LaTeX
actually produces the reference list.

Synopsis

bibtex [option...] name

Reads the file name.aux and outputs the file
name.bbl.

Options

--help

Shows a help screen and exits successfully.

--min-crossrefs=N

Sets the internal min_crossrefs parameter to N.

--version

Shows version information and exits successfully.

Documentation

See BibTeXing, available as file btxdoc.dvi.

---

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bibtex8

BibTeX8 is an enhanced version of BibTeX. Enhanced by conversion
to «big» (32-bit) capacity, addition of run-time selectable capacity
and 8-bit support extensions. National character set and sorting order
are controlled by an external configuration file.

Synopsis

bibtex8 [option...] name

where name is the name of the TeX auxilliary output file to be
processed by bibtex8. The trailing .aux may be omitted.

Options

-?

--help

Display some brief help text and then exit.

-7

--traditional

Operate in the original 7-bit mode. A CS file is not read: only 7-bit
ASCII characters are supported and sorting is strictly by ASCII code
value.

bibtex8 will not allow you to specify --traditional with
either the --8bit or --csfile option.

-8

--8bit

Force 8-bit mode. A CS file is not read. All 8-bit characters (code >
127) are treated as letters and sorting is strictly by code page value.

BibTeX will not allow you to specify --8bit with either the
--csfile or --traditional option.

-c file

--csfile file

Read file as the BibTeX8 codepage and sort definition (CS)
file. The CS file is used to define the 8-bit character set used by
BibTeX8 and the order in which those characters should be sorted.

BibTeX8 will not allow you to specify --csfile with either the
--8bit or --traditional option.

-d type

--debug type

Report debugging information to the BibTeX8 log file and the standard
error device. The value type controls the type of debugging
information reported. type can be one or more of:

all

all debugging categories

csf

CS file processing

io

file I/O

mem

memory allocation and capacity

misc

other debugging information

search

path searching and file location

-s

--statistics

Report internal statistics to the BibTeX8 log file.

-t

--trace

Report execution tracing to the BibTeX8 log file.

-v

--version

Report BibTeX8’s version and then exit.

-B

--big

Set BibTeX8’s capacity to «big». The size of particular parameters
will be set as follows (the default sizes are shown in brackets):

Hash_Prime            8,501   (4,253)
Hash_Size            10,000   (5,000)
Max_Cites             2,000     (750)
Max_Ent_Ints          4,000   (3,000)
Max_Ent_Strs          6,000   (3,000)
Max_Fields           30,000  (17,250)
Max_Strings          10,000   (4,000)
Pool_Size           130,000  (65,530)
Wiz_Fn_Space          6,000   (3,000)

-H

--huge

Set BibTeX8’s capacity to «huge». The size of particular
parameters will be set as follows (the default sizes are shown in
brackets):

Hash_Prime           16,319   (4,253)
Hash_Size            19,000   (5,000)
Max_Cites             5,000     (750)
Max_Ent_Ints          5,000   (3,000)
Max_Ent_Strs         10,000   (3,000)
Max_Fields           85,000  (17,250)
Max_Strings          19,000   (4,000)
Pool_Size           500,000  (65,530)
Wiz_Fn_Space         10,000   (3,000)

-W

--wolfgang

Set BibTeX8’s capacity to «really huge» — required for Wolfgang’s
PhD thesis. The size of particular parameters will be set as follows
(the default sizes are shown in brackets):

Hash_Prime           30,011   (4,253)
Hash_Size            35,000   (5,000)
Max_Cites             7,500     (750)
Max_Ent_Ints          7,500   (3,000)
Max_Ent_Strs         10,000   (3,000)
Max_Fields          125,000  (17,250)
Max_Strings          30,000   (4,000)
Pool_Size           750,000  (65,530)
Wiz_Fn_Space         10,000   (3,000)

-M n

--min_crossrefs n

Set min_crossrefs to n. If an item is cross-referenced at
least n times, it will be placed in the list of citations, even if
it is not explicitly cited as a reference. The default value is
2.

--mcites n

Allow a maximum of n distinct cites in the .aux
files. This number must be less than the maximum number of strings
(settable with --mstrings).

--mentints n

Allow a maximum of n integer entries in the .bib databases.

--mentstrs n

Allow a maximum of n string entries in the .bib databases.

--mfields n

Allow a maximum of n fields in the .bib databases.

--mpool n

Set the string pool to n bytes.

--mstrings n

Allow a maximum of n unique strings. This number must be less
than the hash size and greater than the maximum number of cites
(settable with --mcites).

--mwizfuns n

Allow a maximum of n wizard functions.

Documentation

For a general description of bibtex8, see the text file
00readme.txt.

For a description of the CS file syntax see the text file
csfile.txt.

---

Node:dvicopy,
Next:dvipdfm,
Previous:bibtex8,
Up:Manual Pages

dvicopy

dvicopy is a utility program that allows one to take a DVI file
that references composite fonts (VF) and convert it into a DVI file that
does not contain such references.

Synopsis

dvicopy [option...] old new

Converts DVI file old into new.

Options

--help

Shows a help screen and exits successfully.

--mag=MAG

Sets magnification to MAG.

--select=range

Selects a range of pages to be copied.

--version

Prints version information and exits successfully.

---

Node:dvipdfm,
Next:dvips,
Previous:dvicopy,
Up:Manual Pages

dvipdfm

dvipdfm is a DVI to PDF conversion utility.

Synopsis

dvipdfm [option...] dvifile

Options

-c

Ignore color specials (for printing on B&W printers).

-f filename

Set font map file name [t1fonts.map].

-o filename

Set output file name [dvifile.pdf].

-l

Landscape mode.

-m number

Set additional magnification.

-p papersize

Set papersize (letter, legal, ledger,
tabloid, a4, or a3) [letter].

-r resolution

Set resolution (in DPI) for raster fonts [600].

-s pages

Select page ranges (-).

-x dimension

Set horizontal offset [1.0in].

-y dimension

Set vertical offset [1.0in].

-e

Disable partial font embedding [default is enabled].

-z number

Set compression level (0-9) [default is 9].

-v

Be verbose.

-vv

Be more verbose.

All dimensions entered on the command line are «true» TeX
dimensions. Argument of -s lists physical page ranges separated
by commas, e.g., -s 1-3,5-6.

Documentation

See Dvipdfm User’s Manual (available as file dvipdfm.dvi,
for a complete description.

---

Node:dvips,
Next:initexmf,
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dvips

dvips is a program to translate a DVI file into PostScript.

Synopsis

dvips [options...] filename[.dvi]

Options

See the Dvips documentation, for a list of available options.

Documentation

For a complete description of Dvips, see Dvips: A DVI driver.
This document is available

• as a Windows help file (dvips.hlp
• as a DVI file (dvips.dvi)

---

Node:initexmf,
Next:mp,
Previous:dvips,
Up:Manual Pages

initexmf (MiKTeX Configuration Utility)

initexmf is the MiKTeX Configuration Utility.

Synopsis

initexmf [option...]

Options

--dump

Refresh all dump files
(*.base;*.efmt;*.fmt;*.mem).

--dump=program

Refresh the dump files related to a specific program.
program must be one of:
elatex,
etex,
lambda,
latex,
metafont,
metapost,
omega,
pdflatex,
pdftex,
tex.

--find-elatex-input FILE

Find e-LaTeX input file.

--find-etex-input FILE

Find e-TeX input file.

--find-executable FILE

Find a MiKTeX executable.

--find-lambda-input FILE

Find Lambda input file.

--find-latex-input FILE

Find LaTeX input file.

--find-metafont-input FILE

Find METAFONT input file.

--find-metapost-input FILE

Find MetaPost input file.

--find-omega-input FILE

Find Omega input file.

--find-other-executable FILE

Find an executable.

--find-pdflatex-input FILE

Find pdfLaTeX input file.

--find-pdftex-input FILE

Find pdfTeX input file.

--find-tex-input FILE

Find TeX input file.

--list-modes

List all known METAFONT modes.

--local-root root

Specify the local TEXMF root.

--mkpsres

Update the PostScript resource database psres.dpr. You can use
this option in conjunction with --search (see below).

--mkpsres=dir

Add a new font directory to the PostScript resource database
psres.dpr.

--personal

-p

Do not use a personal configuration file.

--personal=filename

-pfilename

Define the location of the personal configuration file.

--print-only

-n

Print what would be done. Nothing is changed.

--quiet

Suppress screen output.

--reconfigure

Reconfigure MiKTeX.

--report

Create a configuration report.

--root-directories dirlist

-r dirlist

Specify the list of TEXMF root directories.

--search

Search for PS resource files (requires --mkpsres).

--update-fndb

-u

Refresh the whole file name database.

--update-fndb=root

-uroot

Refresh the file name database for a specific TEXMF root.

--verbose

-v

Print information on what is being done.

--version

-V

Print the version number and exit.

---

Node:mp,
Next:omega,
Previous:initexmf,
Up:Manual Pages

mp (MetaPost)

MetaPost (installed as mp) reads a series of pictures specified
in the MetaPost programming language, and outputs corresponding
PostScript code.

Synopsis

mp [option...] [name[.mp]] [command...]
mp [option...] "&format" [command...]

Options

--c-style-errors

Show C/C++ style error messages. This switch implies
scrollmode.

--initialize

Initializes MetaPost’s internal tables so that they can be dumped.

--help

Shows a short help screen and exits successfully.

--tex=texprogram

Uses texprogram instead of tex when compiling text labels.
This flag overrides the environment variable TEX.

--version

Prints version information and exits successfully.

Aliases

inimp

Equivalent to mp --ini.

mpost

Equivalent to mp.

virmp

Equivalent to mp.

Environment Variables

TEX

Specifies the TeX compiler which should be used when compiling text
labels.

Documentation

For a complete description of the MetaPost language, see AT&T technical
report CSTR-162, available as the file mpman.ps.

---

Node:omega,
Next:pdftex,
Previous:mp,
Up:Manual Pages

omega

Omega is a 16-bit enhanced version of TeX.

Synposis

omega [option...] [name[.tex]] [command...]

Options

Omega supports the common compiler options (see Common Compiler Options).

Aliases

iniomega

Equivalent to omega --ini.

viromega

Equivalent to omega.

lambda

Equivalent to omega "&lambda".

Documentation

For a complete description of Omega, see the Omega manual, available as
the file omega-manual.dvi.

---

Node:pdftex,
Next:tex,
Previous:omega,
Up:Manual Pages

pdftex

pdfTeX is a special version of TeX that outputs PDF.

Synopsis

pdftex [option...] [name[.tex]] [command...]
pdftex [option...] "&format" [command...]

Options

Besides the common command-line switches (see Common Compiler Options), pdfTeX supports these options:

--font-max=n

Sets the internal font_max to n. font_max is the
maximum internal font number; must not exceed 5000.

Aliases

inipdftex

Equivalent to pdftex --ini.

virpdftex

Equivalent to pdftex.

pdflatex

Equivalent to pdftex "&pdflatex".

Documentation

For a complete description of pdfTeX, see the the pdfTeX User
Manual, available as file pdftexman.pdf.

---

Node:tex,
Next:texify,
Previous:pdftex,
Up:Manual Pages

tex

tex is Donald Knuth’s TeX compiler.

Synopsis

tex [option...] [name[.tex]] [command...]
tex [option...] "&format" [command...]

Options

Besides the common command-line switches (see Common Compiler Options), tex supports the following options:

--font-max=n

Sets the internal font_max to n. font_max is the
maximum internal font number; must not exceed 5000.

Aliases

latex

Equivalent to tex "&latex".

initex

Equivalent to tex --ini.

virtex

Equivalent to tex.

See Also

See texify, for an alternative way to invoke TeX.

Documentation

For a complete description of TeX, see The TeXbook by
Donald E. Knuth.

---

Node:texify,
Previous:tex,
Up:Manual Pages

texify

texify runs Texinfo or LaTeX input files through TeX
(pdfTeX) in turn until all cross-references are resolved, building
all indices.

Synopsis

texify [option]... file...

The directory containing each file is searched for included files.
The suffix of file is used to determine its language (LaTeX or
Texinfo).

Makeinfo is used to perform Texinfo macro expansion before running
TeX when needed.

Options

-@

Use @input instead of input; for preloaded Texinfo.

-b

--batch

No interaction.

-c

--clean

Remove all auxiliary files.

-e

--expand

Force macro expansion using makeinfo.

-I dir

Search dir for input files.

-h

--help

Display this help and exit successfully.

-l lang

--language=lang

Specify the lang of file: latex or texinfo.

--mkidx-option=option

Pass option to the index generator.

-p

--pdf

Use pdfTeX or pdfLaTeX for processing.

-q

--quiet

No output unless errors (implies --batch).

--run-viewer

Run a viewer on the resulting DVI/PDF file.

-s

--silent

Same as --quiet.

-t cmd

--texinfo=cmd

Insert cmd after @setfilename in copy of input file.
Multiple values accumulate.

--tex-option=option

Pass option to (La)(pdf)TeX.

-v

--version

Display version information and exit successfully.

--viewer-option=option

Pass option to the viewer.

Environment Variables

The values of the BIBTEX, LATEX (or PDFLATEX),
MAKEINDEX, MAKEINFO, TEX (or PDFTEX), and
TEXINDEX environment variables are used to run those commands, if
they are set.

Aliases

texi2dvi

Equivalent to texify.

---

Node:Index,
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Up:Top

Index

• %d: MakePK Section
• %f: TeX Section
• %h: TeX Section
• %l: TeX Section
• %m: TeX Section, MakePK Section
• %R: Search Paths
• %s: MakeTFM Section, MakePK Section
• %t: MakePK Section, MakeTFM Section
• --8bit: bibtex8
• --additional-directory-trees: Setup Options
• --allow-unattended-reboot: Setup Options
• --batch: texify
• --big: bibtex8
• --buf-size=n: Common Compiler Options
• --c-style-errors: Common Compiler Options, mp
• --clean: TeXifying, texify
• --csfile file: bibtex8
• --debug type: bibtex8
• --dry-run: Setup Options
• --dump: Standard Dump Files, initexmf
• --dump=program: initexmf
• --error-line=n: Common Compiler Options
• --expand: texify
• --find-elatex-input FILE: initexmf
• --find-etex-input FILE: initexmf
• --find-executable FILE: initexmf
• --find-lambda-input FILE: initexmf
• --find-latex-input: Search Paths
• --find-latex-input FILE: initexmf
• --find-metafont-input FILE: initexmf
• --find-metapost-input FILE: initexmf
• --find-omega-input FILE: initexmf
• --find-other-executable FILE: initexmf
• --find-pdflatex-input FILE: initexmf
• --find-pdftex-input FILE: initexmf
• --find-tex-input FILE: initexmf
• --font-max=n: tex, pdftex
• --half-error-line=n: Common Compiler Options
• --halt-on-error: Common Compiler Options
• --help: bibtex8, mp, bibtex, dvicopy, Setup Options, texify, Common Compiler Options
• --huge: bibtex8
• --initialize: Common Compiler Options, mp
• --installation-directory: Setup Options
• --interaction=mode: 1.20e, Common Compiler Options
• --job-name=name: Common Compiler Options
• --job-time=filename: Common Compiler Options
• --language=lang: texify
• --list-modes: initexmf
• --local-directory: Setup Options
• --local-root: TEXMF Trees
• --local-root root: initexmf
• --mag=MAG: dvicopy
• --max-in-open=n: Common Compiler Options
• --max-print-line=n: Common Compiler Options
• --max-strings=n: Common Compiler Options
• --mcites n: bibtex8
• --mem-bot=n: Common Compiler Options
• --mem-max=n: Common Compiler Options
• --mem-min=n: Common Compiler Options
• --mem-top=n: Common Compiler Options
• --mentints n: bibtex8
• --mentstrs n: bibtex8
• --mfields n: bibtex8
• --min-crossrefs=N: bibtex
• --min_crossrefs n: bibtex8
• --mkidx-option=option: texify, 1.20e
• --mkpsres: initexmf, psres, mkpsres
• --mkpsres=dir: initexmf
• --mpool n: bibtex8
• --mstrings n: bibtex8
• --mwizfuns n: bibtex8
• --nest-size=n: Common Compiler Options
• --no-additional-directory-trees: Setup Options
• --no-local-directory: Setup Options
• --param-size=n: Common Compiler Options
• --pdf: texify
• --personal: initexmf, Personal Configuration File
• --personal=filename: initexmf
• --pool-size=n: Common Compiler Options
• --print-only: initexmf
• --program-folder: Setup Options
• --quiet: Common Compiler Options, texify, Suppressing Screen Output, initexmf, 1.20e, Common Compiler Options
• --reconfigure: initexmf
• --report: initexmf
• --root-directories: TEXMF Trees
• --root-directories dirlist: initexmf
• --run-viewer: 1.20e, TeXifying, texify
• --save-size=n: Common Compiler Options
• --screen: 1.20e
• --search: initexmf, mkpsres
• --select=range: dvicopy
• --silent: texify, Common Compiler Options
• --src: Source Specials
• --src-specials: Common Compiler Options
• --stack-size=n: Common Compiler Options
• --statistics: bibtex8
• --string-vacancies=n: Common Compiler Options
• --tcx=name: Common Compiler Options
• --terminal=mode: Common Compiler Options
• --tex-option=option: texify, TeXifying, 1.20e
• --tex=texprogram: mp
• --texinfo=cmd: texify
• --trace: bibtex8
• --trace=traceflags: Common Compiler Options
• --traditional: bibtex8
• --translate-file=name: Common Compiler Options
• --trie-op-size=n: Common Compiler Options
• --trie-size=n: Common Compiler Options
• --try-gz: Common Compiler Options
• --unattended: Setup Options
• --undump=name: Common Compiler Options
• --update-fndb: fndb, initexmf
• --update-fndb=root: initexmf
• --verbose: initexmf
• --version: mp, bibtex8, Common Compiler Options, dvicopy, texify, bibtex, initexmf
• --viewer-option=option: 1.20e, texify, TeXifying
• --wolfgang: bibtex8
• -1: TeXifying
• -7: bibtex8
• -8: bibtex8
• -?: bibtex8
• -@: texify
• -B: bibtex8
• -b: texify
• -c: dvipdfm, texify
• -c file: bibtex8
• -d type: bibtex8
• -e: dvipdfm, texify
• -f filename: dvipdfm
• -h: texify
• -H: bibtex8
• -I dir: texify
• -l: dvipdfm
• -l lang: texify
• -M n: bibtex8
• -m number: dvipdfm
• -n: initexmf
• -o filename: dvipdfm
• -p: initexmf, texify
• -p papersize: dvipdfm
• -pfilename: initexmf
• -q: texify
• -r dirlist: initexmf
• -r resolution: dvipdfm
• -s: TeXifying, texify, bibtex8
• -s pages: dvipdfm
• -t: bibtex8
• -t cmd: texify
• -u: initexmf
• -uroot: initexmf
• -v: bibtex8, dvipdfm, initexmf, texify
• -V: initexmf
• -vv: dvipdfm
• -W: bibtex8
• -x dimension: dvipdfm
• -y dimension: dvipdfm
• -z number: dvipdfm
• .tcx character translation files: TCX files
• //: Search Paths
• 8-bit characters: TCX files
• ^^ notation, avoiding: TCX files
• accented character: TCX files
• Acrobat Reader: Getting, mkpsres
• adding files to the TEXMF tree: fndb, psres
• Administrator: IniTeXMF
• AFM (Adobe Font Metric) files, search path for: MiKTeX Section
• AFMPath: MiKTeX Section
• autoexec.bat: Setup Wizard
• auxiliary files, removing: TeXifying, texify
• Babel: 1.20e
• BASEPath: MiKTeX Section
• BIBTEX: texify
• blank lines, in TCX files: TCX files
• BMP (Windows Bitmap): Graphics Section, Features
• buf_size: Common Compiler Options, Magic Section
• character codes, in TCX files: TCX files
• character translation files: TCX files
• codepage: Common Compiler Options
• color interpolation: 1.20e
• color specials: Features
• comments, in TCX files: TCX files
• compressed input files: Features, Common Compiler Options
• config.ps: Dvips Section, config.ps
• CONFIGPath: Dvips Section
• configuration file: Two Kinds
• configuration file, personal: Personal Configuration File
• configuration report, creating a: initexmf
• Cork encoding and ISO input: TCX files
• cp850: Common Compiler Options
• CTAN: Getting
• decimal character codes, in TCX files: TCX files
• DestDir: MakePK Section, MakeTFM Section
• disk space, required: Setup Wizard
• dpres.dpr: psres
• dump files, creating standard: Standard Dump Files
• DVI files, search path for: Yap Section
• Dvips, configuring: Dvips Section
• Edit-TeX-View-Edit cycle: Source Specials
• Editor: TeX Section
• Emacs: TeX Section
• emTeX: 1.20e
• ENCPath: Dvips Section, MiKTeX Section
• error messages, C-style: mp, Common Compiler Options, Suppressing Screen Output
• error messages, length of: Common Compiler Options, Magic Section
• error_line: Common Compiler Options, Magic Section
• execution time, tracing: MiKTeX Section
• EXEPath: MiKTeX Section
• FAQ, MiKTeX: Documentation
• features, MiKTeX: TeX, Features
• file accesses, tracing: MiKTeX Section
• file name database, maintaining the: fndb
• file name database, refreshing the: initexmf
• file name databes, tracing the: MiKTeX Section
• file search, tracing: MiKTeX Section
• FMTPath: MiKTeX Section
• FNDB (file name database): fndb
• font character code, translating: TCX files
• font directories, adding: mkpsres
• font mapping files, search path for: MiKTeX Section
• font supplier: MakePK Section
• font_max: pdftex, Magic Section, tex
• font_mem_size: Magic Section
• format files, search path for: MiKTeX Section
• FreeType: 1.20e
• Ghostscript: Getting
• GIF (Graphics Interchange Format): Graphics Section
• graphics, search path for: MiKTeX Section
• GraphicsPath: MiKTeX Section, Dvips Section
• half_error_line: Magic Section, Common Compiler Options
• hex character codes, in TCX files: TCX files
• Hyperref: 1.20e
• HyperTeX specials: Features
• hyphenation patterns, controling loading of: language.dat
• hyphenation patterns, space for: Magic Section
• il1-t1.tcx: TCX files
• il2-t1.tcx: TCX files
• INDEXSTYLE: MakeIndex Section
• initexmf: Personal Configuration File
• Input Dirs: MetaPost Section, Yap Section, Omega Section, BibTeX Section, pdfTeX Section, METAFONT Section, TeX Section, otp2ocp Section
• installation directory: TEXMF Trees, Installation Directory, Directory Tree, Setup Wizard, Two Kinds
• interaction mode, setting TeX’s: Common Compiler Options
• international characters: TCX files
• job name: Common Compiler Options
• keyboard character code, translating: TCX files
• Kleinschmit, Wolfgang: 1.20e
• Knuth, Donald E.: TeX, tex
• lambda.fmt: Standard Dump Files
• language.dat: language.dat
• LATEX: texify
• latex.efmt: Standard Dump Files
• latex.fmt: Standard Dump Files
• ljfour: config.ps
• local directory: Local Directory, Setup Wizard, Directory Tree, TEXMF Trees
• local directory, defining the: TEXMF Trees
• log files, Setup Wizard: Installation Directory
• long file names: Features, 1.20e
• long file names, quoting of: Quoted File Names
• mailing list, MiKTeX: Mailing Lists
• MAKEINDEX: texify
• MAKEINFO: texify
• MAPPath: Dvips Section, MiKTeX Section
• max_in_open: Common Compiler Options, Magic Section
• max_print_line: Common Compiler Options, Magic Section
• max_strings: Common Compiler Options, Magic Section
• Mekeindex, configuring: MakeIndex Section
• mem_bot: Magic Section, Common Compiler Options
• mem_max: Magic Section, Common Compiler Options
• mem_min: Magic Section, Common Compiler Options
• mem_top: Common Compiler Options, Magic Section
• memory allocation, dynamic: Magic Section
• MEMPath: MiKTeX Section
• METAFONT: METAFONT Section, 1.20e
• METAFONT base files, search path for: MiKTeX Section
• METAFONT mode: config.ps, MakePK Section
• MetaPost: MetaPost Section, mp
• MiKTeX Compiler Driver: TeXifying, texify
• miktex.ini: Two Kinds, Installation Directory
• miktex.map: Installation Directory
• min_crossrefs: BibTeX Section, bibtex
• modes.mf: config.ps
• nest_size: Common Compiler Options, Magic Section
• network installation: Features
• OCPPath: Omega Section
• octal character codes, in TCX files: TCX files
• OEM mode: Common Compiler Options
• OFMPAth: MiKTeX Section
• Omega, configuring: Omega Section
• omega.fmt: Standard Dump Files
• output file, setting name of: Common Compiler Options
• OVFPath: MiKTeX Section
• paper size: config.ps
• param_size: Magic Section, Common Compiler Options
• PATH: UnInstall, Setup Wizard
• PCX: Graphics Section
• PDF, creating: dvipdfm, texify, pdftex, TeXifying
• PDFLATEX: texify
• pdflatex.fmt: Standard Dump Files
• pdfTeX: 1.20e
• PDFTEX: texify
• pdfTeX, configuring: pdfTeX Section
• pdftex.fmt: Standard Dump Files
• Perl: Getting
• PK (Packed Raster Font): MakePK Section
• PK files, search path for: MiKTeX Section
• PKPath: MiKTeX Section
• plain.base: Standard Dump Files
• plain.efmt: Standard Dump Files
• plain.fmt: Standard Dump Files
• plain.mem: Standard Dump Files
• PNG (Portable Network Graphics): Graphics Section
• pool_size: Common Compiler Options, Magic Section
• PostScrip resource database, maintaining the: psres
• PostScript: Getting, dvips
• PostScript header files, search path for: MiKTeX Section
• printable characters, specifying: TCX files
• processes, tracing: MiKTeX Section
• Project Page, MiKTeX: Project Page
• PSPath: pdfTeX Section, Dvips Section, MiKTeX Section
• PSres (PostScript resource database): psres
• PSResPath: ps2pk Section
• quoted file names: Quoted File Names
• read-only media, installing on: Setup Wizard
• Registry: UnInstall
• removing files from the TEXMF tree: fndb, psres
• resolution: MakePK Section, config.ps
• root directories, defining: TEXMF Trees
• save_size: Common Compiler Options, Magic Section
• screen output, suppressing: Suppressing Screen Output, texify, Common Compiler Options, initexmf
• screen output, witdh of: Magic Section
• search paths, specifying: Search Paths
• Setup Wizard: Setup Wizard
• setupwiz.opt: Setup Options
• source specials: Features, Source Specials
• source specials, inserting: Source Specials, Common Compiler Options
• spaces in file names: Quoted File Names
• spaces, in file names: 1.20e
• stack_size: Common Compiler Options, Magic Section
• start menu, Windows: Start Menu
• string_vacancies: Common Compiler Options, Magic Section
• T1 encoding and ISO input: TCX files
• TCX (character translation): Features
• TCX character translation files: TCX files
• TCX files, processing: Common Compiler Options
• TCX files, search path for: MiKTeX Section
• TCX files, syntax of: TCX files
• TCX files, tracing: MiKTeX Section
• TCXPath: MiKTeX Section
• TCXPath, search path for TCX files: TCX files
• TDS (TeX directory structure): Directory Tree, Features
• terminal mode, setting: Common Compiler Options
• TEX: mp, texify
• TeX input files, search path for: TeX Section
• TeX, configuring: TeX Section
• TEXINDEX: texify
• Texinfo: texify, 1.20e, Standard Dump Files
• texinfo.fmt: Standard Dump Files
• TeXLive: Setup Wizard
• texmf0.fndb: fndb
• texmf1.fndb: fndb
• TFM (TeX Font Metrics): MakeTFM Section
• TFM files, search path for: MiKTeX Section
• TFMPath: MiKTeX Section
• TGA (TrueVision Targa): Graphics Section
• thumbnails: 1.20e
• TIFF (Tagged Image File Format): Graphics Section
• Tips & Tricks, MiKTeX: Documentation
• Trace: MiKTeX Section
• TraceFile: MiKTeX Section
• tracing: Common Compiler Options, MiKTeX Section
• trie_op_size: Common Compiler Options, Magic Section
• trie_size: Common Compiler Options, Magic Section
• TrueType fonts, search path for: MiKTeX Section
• TTFPath: MiKTeX Section
• TtH: 1.20e
• Type1 fonts, search path for: MiKTeX Section
• Type1Path: MiKTeX Section
• UNC (Universal Naming Code): Features
• uninstalling MiKTeX: UnInstall
• VFPath: MiKTeX Section
• virtual fonts, search path for: MiKTeX Section
• whitespace, in TCX files: TCX files
• Windows NT: Setup Wizard
• WinEdt: Getting, TeX Section
• WMF (Windows Metafile): Features
• Yap: 1.20e
• Yap, configuring: Yap Section

Table of Contents

• MiKTeX Manual, revision 1.20e
• What is MiKTeX?
  • MiKTeX Features
  • How to get MiKTeX
  • The MiKTeX Project Page
  • The MiKTeX Mailing List
  • Documentation
• What’s new in MiKTeX 1.20e?
• Installing MiKTeX
  • Running the Setup Wizard
    • Setup Options
  • Items in the Start menu
  • The TEXMF Directory Hierarchy
    • Installation Directory
    • Local Directory
  • Removing MiKTeX
• Configuring MiKTeX
  • The MiKTeX Configuration Utility
    • Defining TEXMF Root Directories
    • Maintaining the file name database
    • Maintaining the PostScript resource database
      • Incorporating External Font Directories
    • Making Standard Dump Files
      • Controlling which hyphenation patterns are used by LaTeX
    • Personal Configuration File
  • The MiKTeX Configuration File
    • The Two Kinds of Configuation Files
    • How to specify search paths
    • Contents of a MiKTeX Configuration File
      • [BibTeX]: BibTeX Configuration Settings
      • [Dvips]: Dvips Configuration Settings
      • [Graphics]: Graphics Conversion Rules
      • [Magic]: Memory Settings for TeX & Friends
      • [MakeIndex]: MakeIndex Configuration Settings
      • [MakePK]: MakePK Configuration Settings
      • [MakeTFM]: MakeTFM Configuration Settings
      • [METAFONT]: METAFONT Configuration Settings
      • [MetaPost]: MetaPost Related Configuration Settings
      • [MiKTeX]: General Configuration Settings
      • [Omega]: Omega Configuration Settings
      • [otp2ocp]: otp2ocp Configuration Settings
      • [pdfTeX]: pdfTeX Configuration Settings
      • [ps2pk]: ps2pk Configuration Settings
      • [TeX]: TeX Configuration Settings
      • [Yap]: Yap Configuration Settings
  • The Dvips Configuration File
• Non-standard TeX Features
  • Suppressing Screen Output
  • Auto-insertion of Source Specials
  • Quoted File Names
  • TCX files: Character translations
• TeXify: The MiKTeX Compiler Driver
• Manual Pages
  • Common Compiler Options
  • bibtex
  • bibtex8
  • dvicopy
  • dvipdfm
  • dvips
  • initexmf (MiKTeX Configuration Utility)
  • mp (MetaPost)
  • omega
  • pdftex
  • tex
  • texify
• Index

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Footnotes

1. CTAN:
   Comprehensive TeX Archive Network

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